PhD degree holder in legal sciences; as of 1997 judge of the Supreme Court, adjudicating in the Criminal Law Division of the Supreme Court. In 1973, graduated from the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Warsaw; in 1974–1976, assistant at the Main School of Planning and Statistics in Warsaw; in 1976, completed post-graduate studies at the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences of the Main School of Planning and Statistics in Warsaw, in the years 1976–1983, senior assistant and then assistant professor at the Institute of Judicial Law Research. In 1980, obtained a PhD degree in legal sciences at the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Warsaw. In 1983, appointed a judge of the District Court for the Capital City of Warsaw; in 1986, appointed a judge of the Voivodeship Court in Warsaw, and in 1994, appointed a judge of the Court of Appeal in Warsaw. As of 1997, judge of the Supreme Court.