The pharmacy profession is adapting to rapidly developing therapies for a range of diseases, some of which have had limited treatment options for decades. As a result, the role pharmacists play in complex care processes is changing. Keeping up with the fast-changing world of patient care, today’s practitioners must navigate concerns around infection control, immunology, cell regulation, and the human genome. By standardizing clinical practices, pharmacy leaders can expand their responsibilities, helping to improve outcomes and reduce costs.
3 steps to create a standard of care in pharmacy
How can your team make meaningful progress toward a process that creates a standard of care in pharmacy? Three key steps include evaluating current pharmacy standards and identifying gaps, securing buy-in from clinical leaders, and starting with small, impactful initiatives to standardize practices and improve outcomes.
Step 1: Evaluate the current landscape of pharmacy standards
Assess where your organization stands today. What potential projects would have the most impact? What are your organizational goals? Understanding your key priorities can help you pick the initiatives that are most likely to yield successful, sustainable outcomes.
For example, the United States’ opioid crisis has been raging for decades, costing 100,000 lives annually. Pharmacists are in a unique position to help an organization with an opioid stewardship program.
When founding a new clinical standardization project, pharmacy leaders should work in three stages:
Establish what your organization is already doing
Your hospital or healthcare system is likely already engaged in some initiatives that align with the goals of a proposed program. For the opioid stewardship example, these could include:
- Appropriate opioid prescribing: Use clinical decision support tools that provide risk alerts in real-time.
- Proper opioid disposal: Use drop boxes for patient disposal of unused opioids.
- Diversion prevention: Software, hardware, and education initiatives that help deter and prevent employee drug diversion.
- Managing harmful opioids: Develop programs that encourage the prescription of opioid antagonists for high-risk patients.
Look for colleagues who are already working in your chosen clinical area. Consider a range of departments, including behavioral health, the emergency department, and orthopedics.
Assess current pharmacy standards, policies, and procedures
It is likely that there are already guidelines in place that you can build from. For example, an organization might refer to the CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain.
While the pharmacist may only have control over prescription and duration of opioid treatment, they can collaborate with other clinicians to monitor policies for following up with patients and safely discontinuing medications.
Conduct a needs assessment
A gap analysis, or needs assessment, will help you evaluate the distance between your organization’s current ways of working and your goals for better standardized processes. A strong needs assessment can be used to inform future discussions and priorities.
The success of this type of project often snowballs into future projects: A successful first project that improves patient outcomes can help inspire leadership and clinicians to engage with more challenging initiatives in the future.
Step 2: Obtain buy-in from clinical leaders
Meaningful progress toward standardized clinical processes requires all staff participation. Key initiatives will include determining whether your organization is focused on maintaining accreditation, how it regards quality improvement, and whether a project aligns with the overall organizational mission.
Once a hospital or healthcare system is aligned, look for champions or action leaders among staff. These are the people who understand your vision and are willing to work with an individual or team responsible for the program. They will be critical in building support from leadership and the clinicians responsible for day-to-day execution. These champions are the ones who drive change and help you push through indifference, stagnation, and any pushback you may face.
Step 3: Start small, then maximize impact
Creating a standard of care in pharmacy with documentation and reporting is undeniably a high-level goal. Aim for maximum benefit by starting in an accessible and minimally disruptive area.
As pharmacists become more involved in-patient care, pharmacy technicians may serve as support personnel, improving efficiency and cost-effectiveness, as reported by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP). Incorporating these staff members into the patient care process frees clinical pharmacists to focus on evaluating patient needs and developing patient-centered care plans. Pharmacy technicians and support personnel who are integrated into care processes can also assist with tasks like facilitating transitions of care, organizing and stocking patient education materials, and administering immunizations.
Integrating pharmacists into the patient care continuum has also been proven to decrease medication waste in the ICU, which translates to significant cost savings. The ACCP recommends several best practices to engage personnel beyond their traditional job functions:
- Identify the appropriate staff members.
- Establish adequate training and certification.
- Include personnel in the right areas of the care process.
- Incorporate them into the ancillary processes that support clinical pharmacy services.
- Research outcomes and share the results with participants. Compliance review, as recommended by the International Pharmacy Federation (IPF), could also be helpful.
Regardless of your initiative, carefully establishing and tracking metrics that measure your success will help expand improvements across the organization.
Learn more about the value of creating a standard of care in pharmacy clinical processes and set your hospital up for success with our Opioid Stewardship guide that provides best practices for enhancing your program.
